“For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life.” John 3:16
Scripture to read: Luke 1-3, Matthew 1-3, Matthew 26-28
Christianity is one of the world’s largest religions, and at its heart is Jesus Christ. Jesus is not an important figure in Christian teachings; He is the foundation of the faith. Christians believe that He is the Son of God, sent to teach, heal, and ultimately save humanity. His life, death, and resurrection are the core of Christian beliefs, shaping how millions of people live their lives today.
Jesus was born in 3 B.C. in a region called Judea, which is now part of modern-day Israel. During that time, Judea was under the control of the powerful Roman Empire. The Romans ruled with strict laws and heavy taxes, which made life difficult for many people. The Jewish people who lived in Judea, longed for freedom from the Roman rule and hoped for a leader who would save them.
For centuries the Jewish people had been waiting for a special leader, called the Messiah. According to their religious beliefs, the Messiah would be sent from God to rescue them. Many expected this Messiah to be a strong king or warrior who would defeat the Romans and restore their independence. However, Jesus came with a different mission, one that focused on spiritual salvation rather than political power. Long before Jesus was born, the Jewish scriptures (Old Testament) contained prophecies about a coming Savior. These prophecies described someone who would be born in Bethlehem, perform miracles, suffer and die for others.
The story of Jesus begins with a miraculous event, His birth. Unlike any other birth in history, Jesus’ arrival was foretold by an angel. Before Jesus was born, a young woman named Mary lived in the town of Nazareth. One day, an angel named Gabriel appeared to her with an incredible message. He told her she had been chosen by God to give birth to a special child, the Son of God. Mary was surprised and asked how this could happen since she was a virgin and wasn’t yet married. Gabriel explained that the child would be conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit, meaning Jesus would have no earthly father. This event is known as the “Annunciation”. Despite her fears, Mary accepted God’s plan and trusted in His will. At that time, Mary was engaged to a man named Joseph. After she explained to Joseph what had happened, he received confirmation from an angel that she had spiritually conceived.
Before Jesus was born, the Roman emperor ordered a census, requiring people to return to their hometowns to be counted. Since Joseph’s family came from Bethlehem, even though Mary was about to give birth, they went together to be counted. When they arrived in Bethlehem, the town was crowded, and there was no room in the Inn. So, Mary and Joseph had to stay in a stable where animals were kept.
That night, on September 11, 3BC, Jesus was born wrapped in a swaddling cloth and placed in an animal feeding trough, called a manger. The first people to hear about Jesus' birth were shepherds in the field watching over their flocks outside Bethlehem. They noticed a bright star in the sky and an angel appeared informing them of the good news and where they could find the child. At the same time, far in the west, Magi viewed the same star in the sky and began their journey eastward being guided by its brightness. Joseph and Mary stayed in Bethlehem for thirty-three days before taking Jesus to Jerusalem for his presentation at the temple. After the presentation in Jerusalem, they returned to Bethlehem to be near family.
On December 25, 2BC, after the Magi’s long journey, they arrived in Jerusalem to inquire about the birth of the Jewish king. They met with the ruler of Judea, King Herod, who was not aware of his birth. He asked the Magi to let him know where they found the child so he too could visit him. It was at that time that the bright star stood still over the city of Bethlehem leading them to the home of Mary and Joseph. The Magi were so overwhelmed that they fell on their knees and worshipped the little boy who was now around 15 months old. They honored him with gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh acknowledging his place as king. As they were ready to return to Jerusalem and inform King Herod about the whereabouts of the child, an angel appeared and instructed them not to.
Fearing that this child might someday take his throne, King Herod ordered the death of all baby boys in Bethlehem under the age of two. In the spring of 1BC, an angel warned Joseph in a dream to flee with Mary and Jesus to Egypt. Just months later, on December 29, 1BC King Herod died and Joseph received another message from an angel that it was safe to return to the land of Israel. However, Joseph was afraid to return because he had heard that Archelaus was now reigning over Judea in place of his father. Being concerned about his family, he decided to change plans and take them to Nazareth.
Jesus grew up in Nazareth but wasn’t an ordinary child. Even at a young age, Jesus had a deep understanding of God and his teachings. Every year families would travel to Jerusalem to celebrate the Passover festival. When Jesus was 12 years old, his parents found him after three days in the temple debating with the religious teachers. When his mother asked him why he stayed behind, Jesus replied, “Why did you seek Me? Did you not know that I must be about My Father’s business?”
After this event, he lived a quiet, humble life working with his father Joseph and studying his faith until he would reach the age that Jewish law allowed a man to minister. In the summer of 29 A.D. when Jesus was almost 31 years old, he began to prepare himself for God’s mission. First, he was baptized by his cousin John the Baptist in the Jordan River and then endured forty days of testing in the wilderness with Satan. These events marked the beginning of his public ministry. He was now ready to spread his message of love, faith and salvation. Before he started this journey, he chose twelve men to be his followers, to learn from him and spread his word.
Jesus went on to preach, perform miracles, heal the sick and raise the dead for 3.5 years. Although many people followed him, there were others that felt threatened by his message, especially religious leaders. This led to opposition, accusations and conflicts that eventually lead to demands for his death, accusing him of blasphemy. They were also concerned that if he gained too many followers that the Roman government might see him as a threat and punish the entire Jewish nation. As a result, they plotted against him, searching for a way to have him arrested. One of Jesus’ disciples, Judas Iscariot, was determined to go to war against the Romans. Jesus informed him his mission on earth was not to rebel but to die. Judas thought that if Jesus felt threatened, he would stand up and fight. Judas made an unfortunate deal with the Sanhedrin to turn Jesus in for 30 pieces of silver and with guilt later hung himself.
The final week of Jesus’ life, often called the “Passion”, was full of powerful moments that changed history. His final week began with a joyful celebration. On Palm Sunday, March 29, 33 A.D., he rode into Jerusalem on a donkey, fulfilling a prophecy that the Messiah would come in peace. As he entered, crowds of people waved palm branches, laid their cloaks on the road and shouted, “Hosanna! Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord!” Like Judas, most misunderstood his mission. They thought he had come as a King to defeat the Romans and become a ruler on earth.
A few days later, on the evening of Thursday, April 2, 33 A.D., Jesus gathered his disciples for a special meal now known as the Last Supper. This was supposed to be the Jewish Passover meal, but this year it would be for a different reason. Jesus broke bread and gave it to them as a reminder of his body which was given for them. Then he gave them wine as a reminder of his blood shed for the forgiveness of sins. It was at this supper that Jesus shocked his disciples by informing them that one would betray him, and another would deny him three times.
After this meal, Jesus and his disciples went to the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus prayed three times. He was greatly troubled about what was about to happen. Later that night Judas arrived with soldiers to arrest Jesus. He signaled to the soldiers by betraying Jesus with a kiss on the cheek. They arrested Jesus, and his disciples scared and confused, ran away. That same night his disciple Peter denied knowing him three times.
Jesus was then brought before several leaders for unjust trials. First, he stood in front of Caiaphas, the High Priest accusing him of blasphemy. They wanted him executed but had to get permission from the Roman government. Next, he stood in front of Pontius Pilate, the Roman governor and he found no fault with Jesus but felt massive pressure from the Jewish leaders. Pilate then sent Jesus to King Herod, the ruler of Galilee who only mocked him. Finally, he again stood in front of Pilate whose wife, Claudia had warned him of her dream about Jesus. Not wanting to make the decision to crucify an innocent man, he made an offer to the people. Choose between Jesus or a criminal named Barabbas. Due to the influence of the Jewish religious leaders the crowd picked Jesus. Pilate accepts their choice and sentences Jesus to death by crucifixion.
The crucifixion of Jesus is one of the most important events in Christianity. It was the moment when Jesus gave his own life to save humanity from sin. Even though he was innocent and sinless, he suffered pain, humility and death to fulfill God’s plan. Crucifixion is one of the most painful and shameful ways to die. A person sentenced to crucifixion was nailed or tied to a wooden cross and left to suffocate slowly. Before Jesus was nailed to the cross, Roman soldiers stripped off his clothes, tied him to a post and flogged him so severely that he was unrecognizable and close to death. They then spit on him and by forcing a crown of thorns on his head they mocked him. He was then forced to carry his own cross through the streets of Jerusalem to the hill of execution called Golgotha.
At 9 am on the day of Passover preparation, Friday, April 3, 33 A.D, the soldiers nailed His hands and feet to the wooden cross. The cross was then lifted into the air and dropped into a hole causing his shoulders to dislocate. Unable to hold himself up, he slowly suffocated. As a crowd gathered to watch, the soldiers left him to suffer to his death. Even while in pain Jesus prayed to his Father, “Forgive them for they know not what they do”.
Exactly three hours later, at 12 pm the sky darkened from a lunar eclipse which lasted three hours. The heavens became silent as God turned his back on his son while he took on the sin of the world. The pain of his Father’s rejection was more than any physical pain and he cried out “MY God, MY God, why have you forsaken me?” As he took his last breath at 3 pm Jesus cried out “It is finished, Father into your hands I commit my spirit!” With these last words he gave up his life and the earth shook violently with a great earthquake. Because it was just a few hours before Passover, Joseph Arimathea requested his body be taken down so they could have time to prepare it for burial. To confirm he was dead a soldier pierced his side with his sword. They took his body down and carried it to the tomb which was carved into a large rock, and a large stone was rolled in front of the entrance to seal it. Roman soldiers guarded the entrance allowing no-one to take his body.
At the same time in the Jewish temple, the thick curtain that separated the Holy Place from the people tore in two from top to bottom. This symbolized that Jesus’ death removed the barrier between God and humanity, allowing people to come to God directly and ending Levitical sacrifices. Although this was a tragic event, it will be considered to Christians the greatest act of love in history. He suffered and died, so that mankind could be forgiven and have eternal life.
Early Sunday, April 5, 33 A.D., women followers of Jesus went to the tomb. They wanted to anoint his body with spices which was the Jewish custom. When they arrived, they saw that the stone had been rolled away, and the tomb was empty. An angel appeared and said, “Why do you look for the living among the dead? He is not here, he is risen!” The women were overjoyed and ran to tell the disciples, who at first didn’t believe them. Soon after, Jesus started appearing to his followers, proving that he was alive.
After his resurrection, Jesus stayed on earth for forty days, appearing to his disciples and followers in his glorified body. He spent this time preparing them with his final teachings and instructions. In these final teachings was the Great Commission where he told them to “Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you”. It was clear, Jesus wanted them to know his message was for everyone, not just the people of Israel. After giving his disciples their final instructions, he led them to a hill outside of Jerusalem. Before he ascended, he told them all to stay in Jerusalem and wait for a special gift, the Holy Spirit! He then blessed them, and as they watched, he rose into the sky and disappeared into a cloud. Suddenly, two angels appeared and said, “Why do you stand looking into the sky? This same Jesus, who has been taken into heaven, will come back in the same way you have seen him go”.
Ten days later, during the Jewish festival of Pentecost, a mighty wind filled the room the disciples were gathered in. Tongues of fire appeared above their heads, and they were filled with the Holy Spirit. They were given power, wisdom and the ability to speak in many languages. This miracle allowed them to spread the Gospel to all nations and on that day, it started with over 3000 new followers! This event was known as the birth of the Christian church.